Citations:
To create this infographic, Landesa drew data from a wide variety of sources.
The list below provides our sources in the order in which they appear in the infographic.
- Barriers to women’s equal ownership or access to land data is from OECD’s Social Institutions and Gender Index
- Women and girls’ ownership and inheritance rights data is from the World Bank’s Women Business and the Law 2016
- Customs inhibit women’s access to land data is from OECD’s Gender, Institutions and Development Database 2014
- The number of women who farm is from the International Labor Organization’s Key Indicators of the Labor Market 2015
- The percent of employed women who rely on agriculture is from the Food and Agriculture Organization
- The referenced study in Tanzania on women’s earnings is: Peterman, A. (2011). Women’s Property Rights and Gendered Policies: Implications for Women’s Long-term Welfare in Rural Tanzania. The Journal of Development Studies, 47(1), 1-30.
- The referenced study in Nepal about children’s weight is: Allendorf, K. (2007). Do Women’s Land Rights Promote Empowerment and Child Health in Nepal?. World Development, 35(11), 1975-1988. Chicago.
- The referenced study in Rwanda about soil conservation is from: Ali, D. A., Deininger, K., & Goldstein, M. (2014). Environmental and gender impacts of land tenure regularization in Africa: pilot evidence from Rwanda. Journal of Development Economics, 110, 262-275.
Related resources

Integrating Mangrove Ecosystem Valuation, Land Certification, and Gender Inclusion in Nusantara Capital City
Landesa’s new study demonstrates how Indonesia’s intended new capital city can showcase integrated and inclusive tenure security and coastal management that balance urban development with mangrove ecosystem conservation. The study reveals the feasibility of implementing Payment for Ecosystem Services and proposes integrating ecosystem service economics with the land certification framework in the country, pioneering gender-responsive ecosystem service rights certification.
Landesa Reports, Research

Strong Roots, Stronger Futures: Momtaz Rebuilds with Hope
Meet Momtaz Begum, a woman rebuilding hope in coastal Bangladesh by adapting her land and planting mangroves to protect her home from the rising tide of climate change.
Success Stories

Consultation and Consent in Indigenous-led Carbon Projects: Good practices and lessons learned from the Awajun Tajimat Pujut Initiative (English & Spanish)
This case study provides lessons and good practices from the Tajimat Pujut Initiative (TPI), an Indigenous-led carbon project in Peru, offering insights into how effective consultation and consent practices can support responsible carbon projects that align with Indigenous values and deliver sustainable returns for their use and management of land and forests.
Research
